Fibrillar polysaccharides in marine macromolecular organic matter as imaged by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy

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dc.acquisition-srcDownloaded from-Web of Scienceen_US
dc.call-noen_US
dc.contract-noen_US
dc.contributor.authorSantschi PHen_US
dc.contributor.authorBalnois Een_US
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson KJen_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang JWen_US
dc.contributor.authorBuffle Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorGuo LDen_US
dc.contributor.otherLimnology and Oceanographyen_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-02-15T17:18:07Z
dc.date.available2010-02-15T17:18:07Z
dc.date.issued1998 Julen_US
dc.degreeen_US
dc.description896-908en_US
dc.description-otheren_US
dc.description.abstractA consensus is now emerging that the structure of organic macromolecules will determine their function in aquatic systems. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a widely used technique to study the morphology of biomolecules that, under the proper conditions, allows for accurate determination of the shapes and horizontal dimensions of macromolecules. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a newer technique that has better overall resolution, particularly on the vertical scale. Although careful controls must be in place for both techniques to avoid the introduction of artifacts, they are highly complementary techniques for the study of natural colloids and can, when used together, reveal complementary information about the relative abundance and structures of aquatic macromolecules and colloids. Although AFM techniques have not previously been applied to the study of oceanic macromolecules and colloids, TEM has been used, albeit often under nonoptimal staining and embedding conditions. In this study, colloid samples from the Gulf of Mexico and Middle Atlantic Eight of nominal sizes 1-200 nm were collected by cross-flow ultrafiltration, diafiltered, and freeze-dried. Rehydrated colloids were analyzed in parallel by AFM and TEM using standardized techniques. Results from estuarine-, surface-, and deep-water samples show that an important fraction of colloidal organic matter (COM) consists of fibrillar material, which is rich in polysaccharides and 'fresher' (i.e., has a younger radiocarbon age) than the bulk COM. This result is important because COM makes up 30-70% of oceanic and estuarine nominally 'dissolved' organic matter. Other microparticles appear to be quasi-spherical, often attached to the fibrils like pearls. In the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico, Middle Atlantic Eight, and Trinity River, fibrils with diameters of 1-3 nm and lengths of 100-2,000 nn were predominant. Although fibrils were also observed in samples from the benthic nepheloid layer in the Gulf of Mexico (1,600 m) and Middle Atlantic Eight (2,600 m), a much greater heterogeneity of colloid and macromolecule shapes and sizes was observed in these deeper watersen_US
dc.description.urihttp://gbic.tamug.edu/request.htmen_US
dc.historyen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1969.3/23586
dc.latitudeen_US
dc.locationen_US
dc.longitudeen_US
dc.notesTimes Cited: 31ArticleEnglishSantschi, P. HUniv Geneva, CABE, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, SwitzerlandCited References Count: 55123FU5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USAWACOen_US
dc.placeen_US
dc.publisheren_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries51240.00en_US
dc.relation.urien_US
dc.scaleen_US
dc.seriesen_US
dc.subjectABUNDANCEen_US
dc.subjectAGEen_US
dc.subjectAQUATIC COLLOIDSen_US
dc.subjectAQUATIC SYSTEMSen_US
dc.subjectAtlanticen_US
dc.subjectCARBONen_US
dc.subjectCOLLOIDAL MATERIALen_US
dc.subjectcolloidsen_US
dc.subjectCROSS-FLOW ULTRAFILTRATIONen_US
dc.subjectESTUARINEen_US
dc.subjectFLOCCULATIONen_US
dc.subjectGULFen_US
dc.subjectGulf of Mexicoen_US
dc.subjectGULF-OF-MEXICOen_US
dc.subjectMACROMOLECULESen_US
dc.subjectMARINEen_US
dc.subjectMATTERen_US
dc.subjectMEXICOen_US
dc.subjectOCEANen_US
dc.subjectOF-MEXICOen_US
dc.subjectorganic matteren_US
dc.subjectORGANIC-MATTERen_US
dc.subjectPOLYSACCHARIDESen_US
dc.subjectscaleen_US
dc.subjectSEA-WATERen_US
dc.subjectSEAWATERen_US
dc.subjectSURFACEen_US
dc.subjectSURFACE WATERSen_US
dc.subjectSYSTEMSen_US
dc.subjectTEXASen_US
dc.subjectTrinity Riveren_US
dc.subjectTXen_US
dc.subjectultrafiltrationen_US
dc.subjectUSAen_US
dc.subjectWATERen_US
dc.subjectWATERSen_US
dc.titleFibrillar polysaccharides in marine macromolecular organic matter as imaged by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopyen_US
dc.typeJournalen_US
dc.universityen_US
dc.vol-issue43(5)en_US

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