From June 1957 through May 1959 the bait shrimp fishery in Galveston Bay, Texas, was studied to determine the species composition and the magnitude of the catch. Total production for the 2-year period amounted to over 676,000 pounds, having a retail value of almost $779,000. The fishery is chiefly in summer and fall: over 90 percent of the production occurred from May through October. Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) and white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were the major species taken. Occurring sporadically were pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), seabobs (Ziphopeneus kroyeri), and Trachypeneus sp. The median weight of brown shrimp in samples obtained from the fishery was almost static at 2.0 to 4.0 grams and did not exceed 5.0 grams. The median weight of white shrimp fluctuated and ranged up to 15.5 grams. Young white shrimp apparently enter the bay later in the year than brown shrimp, stay longer, and grow to a larger size before leaving for offshore waters. Length-weight relationships for brown and white shrimp were determined.