Onuf CP2010-02-152010-02-151973 197http://hdl.handle.net/1969.3/23164-2 approaches are appropriate to assessing probable chronic effects of oil pollution: (1) Comparison of spp composition and abundances in the vicinity of continuous introductions of oil into water (e.g. oil drilling platforms) with those in nearby areas free from these activities. (2) Comparison of short-term effects of low concs of oil on those biological functions which are likely to influence survival, growth, and reproduction. Studies carried out using these approaches are reviewed. These include field studies of oil fields, particularly along the coast of Louisiana, field studies of refinery wasters in Milford Haven, Southampton and Galveston Bay, studies carried out in the field near natural seeps at Santa Barbara, California, and laboratory studies of sublethal effectsabundanceanalysisbiologicaldrillingGalveston BaygrowthLaboratoriesmarine environmentoiloil fieldsoil pollutionpetroleumphysicalPollutionpollution effectsPollution surveysQ5 01504 Effects on organismsReproductionSublethal effectsSurvivalSynergismUSAwaterCONF