Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment - A Technology Assessment

It is the intent of this report to present current (1993) information and guidance on design, construction, performance, operation and maintenance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands used for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewaters. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands are in relatively common use in Europe, Australia, and in a number of states in the United States. However, there has been no apparent consensus on design procedures or performance expectations. A two-step procedure was used for the preparation of this report to develop a consensus among knowledgeable experts.